| Most of the applied valve train analysis tools are based on in-house developed software packages, specifically tailored for the most common valve train designs. In parallel, when complex 3D arrangements are used, HERON has the license for the well-known CDS™ program. 
 This technology must be seen as a useful complement to the 1D gas exchange optimisation when new valve timings and subsequently new valve lift curves are requested. 
 The HERON Approach:
 · Definition of the valve timings and maximum lift height by 1D cycle simulation work · Creation of high sophisticated bi-spline based valve lift curve · Control and check constrains from the valve train design in terms of stress · Definition of the spring characteristic · Check for valve-piston clearances · Calculation of the forces, stress, and grinding coordinates 
 Common valve train designs:
 · Flat tapped · Rocker arm · Finger follower · Push rod 
 
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